Chapter 3 alcohols, phenols, and ethers angelo state university. Phenol, any of a family of organic compounds characterized by a hydroxyl group. Name simple alcohols according to iupac system of nomenclature 0. Given the structure of an alcohol, ether, thiol, sulfide, aldehyde, or ketone molecule, be able to give the systemic names and vice. Oxidation of alcohols examples protection of alcohols.
Nomenclature of the pcresol derivatives for convenience, we refer to p cresol as pcoh, where pc stands for the methyl ring without oh. Phenol, the cresols methylphenols, and other simple alkylated phenols can be obtained from the distillation of coal tar or crude petroleum. University of illinois at chicagouic chem 232 organic chemistry i lecture 29 organic chemistry 1 professor duncan wardrop april 27, 2010 1. Reactions of phenolic benzene rings the hydroxy group in a phenol molecule exhibits a strong activating effect on the benzene ring because it provides a ready source of electron density for the ring. Number the substituents and write the name listing the substituents in alphabetical order. Chapter 7 alcohols, thiols, phenols, ethers several new functional groups are presented in this chapter. Learn to recognize the alcohol, phenol, and ether functional groups. Often, more than one name is acceptable and its not uncommon to find the old names still in use as well. The classification of organic compounds is accepted out on the source of functional group here in compounds. In general, alcohols are named in the same manner as alkanes. Naming benzene ring derivatives aromatic compounds.
It is both a common name as well as an iupac name for the compounds containing a benzene ring attached to a hydroxyl group. The goal of the system is to give each structure a unique and unambiguous name, and to correlate each name with a unique and unambiguous. Nomenclature 2 nomenclature primary amines are named in systematic iupac nomenclature by replacing the e of the corresponding parent alkane with amine in common nomenclature they are named as alkylamines simple secondary and tertiary amines are named in common nomenclature by designating the organic groups separately in front of the word amine. It is its common name and also an accepted iupac name. While the numbering system is employed in iupac names and in this case numbering of the. The functional groups contain two pairs of nonbonding electrons and are the cornerstone of many organic processes. Phenol is the organic compound containing benzene ring bonded to a hydroxyl group.
The common name of an alcohol is derived from the common name of the alkyl group and adding the word alcohol to it. Fundamentals of organic chemistry alcohols, phenols and ethers. Alcohols and phenols alcohols and phenols are formed when a hydrogen atom in hydrocarbon, aliphatic and aromatic respectively, is replaced by hydroxyl group or group. Structurally phenols are the simplest hydroxy derivative of the benzene ring. They are named as for alcohols except the suffix diol is used, and two numbers are required to locate the ohs. Alcohols, phenols, thiols, and ethers the functional group of alcohols and phenols is the hydroxyl group oh. Although the account which follows describes in considerable detail the selection of substance names for chemical abstracts ca indexes, it is not a nomenclature manual.
Phenols are special classes of alcohols in that the r is an aromatic group. Synthesis and structure of alcohols rutgers university. Starting in 2003 the patai series will be available in electronic format on wiley. While the numbering system is employed in iupac names and in this case numbering of the ring begins at the hydroxylsubstituted carbon and. Class 12 important questions for chemistry alcohols, phenols and ethers subscribe for latest updates ncert exemplar class 12 chemistry is very important resource for students preparing for xii board examination. Techniques for analysis of plant phenolic compounds. The physical properties of phenols are strongly in. Principles of chemical nomenclature a guide to iupac recommendations g. For phenols, follow benzene nomenclature and use phenol as the parent name. The emphasis is laid on the preparation, properties and reactions of the. Organic chemistry i university of illinois at chicago uic. You can bookmark this page if you like you will not be able to set bookmarks once you have started the quiz. Phenol bonding, physical properties and reactions 2.
All of the functions are based on oxygen and sulfur in the sp 2 hybridized state. Phenol is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula c6h5oh. It finds a wide variety of use in many things we depend on for our daily lives, such as epoxy resins. Iupac nomenclature of phenols follows a set of rules. Nomenclature of phenols compounds that have a hydroxyl group attached directly to a benzene ring are called phenols. In this chapter, we will look at the preparation of phenols and how we can get them on a large scale requirement. Nomenclature of diols glycols diols are compounds with two hydroxyl groups. Hydroquinone is used in developing photographic film by reducing activated. Naming aromatic compounds isnt quite so straightforward as naming chain compounds. Class 12 important questions for chemistry alcohols. Alcohols and phenols chapter 17 sections 17 nomenclature of alcohols name the following alcohol. Iupac nomenclature for phenols science homework help.
The general structure of an alcohol is roh, where r represents any alkyl group. Short summary of iupac nomenclature of organic compounds introduction the purpose of the iupac system of nomenclature is to establish an international standard of naming compounds to facilitate communication. Systematic names are more useful, however, because a systematic name. Naming and indexing of chemical substances for chemical. The principal chain present in a polyfunctional compound must be numbered in such a way that the principal functional group gets the lowest possible number followed by double bond, triple bond and substituents. Phenol derivatives have been used in the preparation of cosmetics including sunscreens, hair. Phenol 108952 hazard summary exposure to phenol may occur from the use of some medicinal products including throat lozenges and ointments. Number the substituents and write the name listing the substituents in. The acidity of the hydroxyl group in phenols is commonly intermediate between that of aliphatic alcohols and carboxylic acids their pk a is usually between 10 and 12. Detailed description of the iupac nomenclature of phenols and its derivatives. Phenols are generally named as derivatives of the simplest member of the family,i,e phenol.
Thus, plant phenolics comprise simple phenols, coumarins, lignins, lignans, condensed and hydrolysable tannins, phenolic acids and flavonoids 20. This topic explains the preparation of phenols from haloarenes, benzene sulphonic acid, diazonium salts, cumene. In the case of phenols having only one additional substituent, the relative position is usually indicated by letters ofor 1,2 m for1,3 and pfor 1,4. Phenols are named using the rules for aromatic compounds discussed in seciton 15. The p cresol derivatives undergoing oh scission are referred to as pco. Many phenolic compounds were discovered and used long before chemists were able to determine their structures. Its iupac name would be benzenol, derived in the same manner as the iupac names for aliphatic alcohols.
Phenols are the organic compounds containing a benzene ring bonded to a hydroxyl group. Phenols have distinct properties and are generally distinguished from other alcohols. Phenols are more acidic than alcohols, because the negative charge of phenoxide is delocalized by the phenyl ring. Phenol, or c 6 h 5 oh, is itself a beautiful, crystalline solid that almost looks like glass. The simplest hydroxy derivative of benzene is phenol. Nomenclature of phenols a phenol always involves a benzene type. Phenol is highly irritating to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes in humans after acute. Chemistry notes for class 12 chapter 11 alcohols, phenols. Learn the iupac system for naming alcohols, phenols. Classification of alcohols and phenols in alcohols, or group is attached to sp3 hybridised carbon. This organic chemistry video tutorial shows you how to name aromatic compounds involving benzene ring derivatives.
We will study the various methods and reactions that we must. Alcohols, phenols, phenols and ethers alcohols, phenols. Plant phenolic compounds are classified as simple phenols or polyphenols based on the number of phenol units in the molecule. Nomenclature of phenol with set of rules and examples byjus. This directing influence is so strong that you can often accomplish substitutions on phenols without the use of. While studying organic chemistry, you have come across the term phenol many times. Principle functional group double bond triple bond substituents. Notes on phenol and nomenclature of phenol grade 12. Finally, a common naming system enlisting standard rules was set up by iupac for the naming of compounds. All aromatic compounds are based on benzene, c 6 h 6, which has a ring of six carbon atoms and has the symbol. Alcohols and phenols questions practice khan academy. The following guidelines for organic nomenclature are based on the def.
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